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Since populations that have diverged over 1000's of years ago show features that are different than other populations, the effect of gene pooling can be best illustrated by looking at different ethnic groups. For example, ethnic groups evolving closer to the equator, or where the sun is most damaging, tend to have darker skin than those that have evolved in areas that are more excluded from the harmful rays. This is because dark pigment provides them with less susceptibility to sunlight. This is an example of Darwin's Theory of Evolution, or survival of the fittest. Those with the genes best suited for survival will live long enough to reproduce, and pass their gene profiles on to the next generation. Therefore, anyone with a mutation that makes them less susceptible to their environment will live longer and reproduce more. However, mutations related to genes, such as those governing pigmentation, are not passed on as often as mutation in areas of the DNA that don't have important functions, such as genes do. For example, certain areas of the human genome are highly variable from individual to individual. The variability associated with these regions are common because these regions allow for a higher rates of survivable mutations than most genes do.
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