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Key Terms:
MRCA (most recent common ancestor): The most recent common ancestor
between 2 relatives.
MLE (most likely estimate): an estimate of when the most recent common
ancestor between two relatives lived. This is most commonly presented in
number of generations.
Mitochondrial DNA
(mtDNA) Analysis: You must note that in using this method, you are
tracing ancestors through the maternal, not paternal, line. This is because
mitochondrial DNA is passed from the mother to her children. As long as there is
a female lineage connecting some of these people, we would expect that they
would share the same mtDNA, from generation to generation to generation, etc.
(with allowances made for calculated mutation rates, which are higher than what
is observed from the Y-chromosome) The figure on the right, mtDNA Inheritance Pattern,
shows how the mtDNA (red circles) is passed from mother to all her children
(males are represented by squares and females are represented by circles).Explanation for mtDNA Haplotyping Results: mtDNA results are provided in a DNA sequence analysis format. The sequence variation from the Cambridge Reference Sequence is provided in a table for easy use in independent research studies (see below).
| Base Number | Jane Doe M 2002 XXXX |
| 16301 | T |
| 16343 | G |
| 16356 | C |
| 16390 | A |
| 16519 | C |
| 73 | G |
| 150 | T |
| 263 | G |
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